Framework
Ten dimensions. Interconnected realities.
Context, in New Contextualist writing, is read through ten overlapping dimensions. Select a dimension to see its definition, the questions it asks and its relations with the others.
- The ten dimensions and the founder’s terms for each (Reza 2025)
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Editorial summary Awaiting the founder’s approval
Definitions and questions - Relations between dimensions
Interactive contextual diagram
01 / 10 · Dimension
Social
Who a place is for — its communities, people and ways of life.
In the founder’s terms community structures, demographics, lifestyles (Reza 2025)
Questions it asks · editorial
- Who uses this place today, and who has been excluded or displaced from it?
- Which forms of collective life does the existing fabric make possible?
Relations · editorial interpretation
Read the dimension → 6 archive records · 7 projects
02 / 10 · Dimension
Economic
How a place sustains life — through work, exchange and affordability.
In the founder’s terms livelihoods, industries, affordability (Reza 2025)
Questions it asks · editorial
- Which livelihoods depend on this place, formally and informally?
- Who captures the value created by change, and who bears its costs?
Relations · editorial interpretation
Read the dimension → 4 archive records · 4 projects
03 / 10 · Dimension
Political
Who decides — the governance, patronage and rules that shape a place.
In the founder’s terms governance, patronage, regulations (Reza 2025)
Questions it asks · editorial
- Who has authority over this site, and through which instruments?
- Whose interests have shaped the brief, and whose are absent from it?
Relations · editorial interpretation
Read the dimension → 4 archive records · 2 projects
04 / 10 · Dimension
Historical
What a place remembers — its layers of development, memory and significance.
In the founder’s terms layers of development, memory, significance (Reza 2025)
Questions it asks · editorial
- Which layers of development are legible on this site, and which have been erased?
- What does the place mean to those who remember it?
Relations · editorial interpretation
Read the dimension → 9 archive records · 4 projects
05 / 10 · Dimension
Ecological
What a place depends on — climate, terrain, living systems and resources.
In the founder’s terms climate, topography, biodiversity, resources (Reza 2025)
Questions it asks · editorial
- How do water, climate and terrain shape this site across seasons and years?
- Which ecological systems would the project disturb, and which could it restore?
Relations · editorial interpretation
Read the dimension → 5 archive records · 4 projects
06 / 10 · Dimension
Scientific and Technological
What can be known and built — materials, technologies and tools of analysis.
In the founder’s terms material properties, technological possibilities (Reza 2025)
Questions it asks · editorial
- What do the properties of local materials make possible, or impossible?
- Which technologies are appropriate here, and who will maintain them?
Relations · editorial interpretation
Read the dimension → 4 archive records · 2 projects
07 / 10 · Dimension
Geographical
Where a place sits — its location, connections and regional influences.
In the founder’s terms location, connectivity, regional influences (Reza 2025)
Questions it asks · editorial
- How is the site connected to its region, and how might those connections change?
- Which regional patterns of settlement, movement and exchange shape it?
Relations · editorial interpretation
Read the dimension → 5 archive records · 1 project
08 / 10 · Dimension
Cultural
How a place carries meaning — traditions, beliefs, aesthetics and rituals.
In the founder’s terms traditions, beliefs, aesthetics, rituals (Reza 2025)
Questions it asks · editorial
- Which traditions, rituals and beliefs give this place meaning?
- Whose culture is represented in its existing forms, and whose is missing?
Relations · editorial interpretation
Read the dimension → 8 archive records · 7 projects
09 / 10 · Dimension
Urban
How places are organised together — density, infrastructure and public space.
In the founder’s terms density, infrastructure, public space (Reza 2025)
Questions it asks · editorial
- How do density and infrastructure distribute opportunity across the city?
- Which public spaces does the site support, threaten or make possible?
Relations · editorial interpretation
Read the dimension → 8 archive records · 5 projects
10 / 10 · Dimension
Architectural
What has been built before — typologies, styles and precedents.
In the founder’s terms typologies, styles, precedents (Reza 2025)
Questions it asks · editorial
- Which building types and precedents are relevant to this site?
- What did earlier builders here understand that contemporary practice has forgotten?
Relations · editorial interpretation
Read the dimension → 9 archive records · 2 projects
Use the arrow keys to move between dimensions. Selecting a relation in the panel moves to the related dimension.
02 Relations
A matrix of relations.
The published texts describe the dimensions as overlapping, but they do not specify how each relates to the others. The 26 relations recorded here are proposed by the editors as the most direct. 20 of them are illustrated by examples from the published record. Every dimension relates to every other in some way; the matrix marks only the most direct relations.
Interpretation For review against the founder’s publications
| 01 Social | 02 Economic | 03 Political | 04 Historical | 05 Ecological | 06 Scientific and Technological | 07 Geographical | 08 Cultural | 09 Urban | 10 Architectural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 Social | ||||||||||
| 02 Economic | Economic and Social: Livelihoods and affordability decide who can remain in a place, and so whom it is for. | |||||||||
| 03 Political | Political and Social: Governance determines whose needs are recognised and who keeps access to shared space. | Political and Economic: Patronage and regulation steer where investment flows and what gets built. | ||||||||
| 04 Historical | Historical and Social: Collective memory binds communities to places; losing a place can mean losing part of a shared origin. | No direct relation proposed | Historical and Political: Policy and patronage decide which histories are preserved, and which are allowed to disappear. | |||||||
| 05 Ecological | No direct relation proposed | No direct relation proposed | Ecological and Political: The fate of rivers, canals and wetlands is decided as much by governance as by nature. | No direct relation proposed | ||||||
| 06 Scientific | No direct relation proposed | No direct relation proposed | No direct relation proposed | Scientific and Technological and Historical: Prediction depends on history: data and models are only as good as our understanding of past patterns. | Scientific and Technological and Ecological: Ecosystems are a source of technical knowledge: mangroves dissipate wave energy, termite mounds cool passively. | |||||
| 07 Geographical | No direct relation proposed | No direct relation proposed | No direct relation proposed | Geographical and Historical: Settlement patterns shaped by water and terrain persist across centuries, as the delta's earthen embankments show. | Geographical and Ecological: Climate, topography and water systems set the conditions of settlement, above all in a delta. | No direct relation proposed | ||||
| 08 Cultural | Cultural and Social: Shared practices, rituals and everyday routines are how communities sustain their culture in space. | Cultural and Economic: Heritage, craft and ritual can sustain local economies, as pilgrimage and community-based tourism show. | No direct relation proposed | Cultural and Historical: Memory and ritual accumulate as layers of meaning; routes between temple and settlement can become the skeleton of new design. | No direct relation proposed | No direct relation proposed | Cultural and Geographical: Regional encounters produce hybrid cultures; Bengal absorbed Vedic, Buddhist, Jain, Islamic and European influences. | |||
| 09 Urban | Urban and Social: Streets, courtyards and public spaces can gather people, or keep them apart. | Urban and Economic: Land markets and infrastructure investment drive density, sprawl and the loss of shared space. | Urban and Political: Planning rules and infrastructure decisions give the city its form. | Urban and Historical: Urban fabrics are palimpsests: an old market can hold dense habitation, informal commerce and heritage structures at once. | Urban and Ecological: Urbanisation transforms ecological systems: paved wetlands flood, heat islands intensify, canals are lost to encroachment. | Urban and Scientific and Technological: Data analytics and scenario planning help anticipate how cities and their needs will change. | Urban and Geographical: Location and connectivity shape networks of movement; a neglected canal can become a transit route. | No direct relation proposed | ||
| 10 Architectural | No direct relation proposed | No direct relation proposed | No direct relation proposed | Architectural and Historical: Precedent carries knowledge forward; hybrid forms record encounters between building traditions. | Architectural and Ecological: Climate shapes form: semi-open transitional spaces, louvres and jalis temper heat and humidity. | Architectural and Scientific and Technological: Material properties set the limits and possibilities of form, from terracotta to contemporary engineering. | No direct relation proposed | Architectural and Cultural: Beliefs and rituals inform spatial organisation; in one thesis, non-dualism shaped interwoven courts. | Architectural and Urban: Every building becomes part of an existing fabric; typology mediates between the building and the city. |
Editorial interpretation. The published texts describe the ten dimensions as overlapping but do not specify pairwise relations. Each relation below is proposed by the editors and, where possible, illustrated by an example from the published record (source). Review against the founder's approved publications before publishing.
03 The ten dimensions
The ten dimensions
- 01 Social Who a place is for — its communities, people and ways of life. 5 relations
- 02 Economic How a place sustains life — through work, exchange and affordability. 4 relations
- 03 Political Who decides — the governance, patronage and rules that shape a place. 5 relations
- 04 Historical What a place remembers — its layers of development, memory and significance. 7 relations
- 05 Ecological What a place depends on — climate, terrain, living systems and resources. 5 relations
- 06 Scientific and Technological What can be known and built — materials, technologies and tools of analysis. 4 relations
- 07 Geographical Where a place sits — its location, connections and regional influences. 4 relations
- 08 Cultural How a place carries meaning — traditions, beliefs, aesthetics and rituals. 5 relations
- 09 Urban How places are organised together — density, infrastructure and public space. 8 relations
- 10 Architectural What has been built before — typologies, styles and precedents. 5 relations
Published formulations differ slightly. The 2023 essay lists the same ten facets (Reza 2023b); the September 2025 essay’s ‘ten-layer lens’ includes a spiritual layer in place of the political (Reza and Nitu 2025). See The ten contextual dimensions.
Sources
New Contextualism
- Reza 2023bReza, Mohammad Habib. 2023b. “New contextualism: A path to a sustainable and equitable future.” The Business Standard, December 19, 2023. https://www.tbsnews.net/features/habitat/new-contextualism-path-sustainable-and-equitable-future-760366. Record
- Reza 2025Reza, Mohammad Habib. 2025. “New Contextualism: An architectural philosophy for deltaic Bangladesh.” The Daily Star, April 23, 2025. https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/focus/news/new-contextualism-architectural-philosophy-deltaic-bangladesh-3878456. Record
- Reza and Nitu 2025Reza, Mohammad Habib, and Upama Das Nitu. 2025. “New Contextualism: Architecture and Urbanism for People, Place, and Justice.” Context BD, September 16, 2025. https://contextbd.com/new-contextualism-architecture-and-urbanism-for-people-place-and-justice/. Record